How True is True Love in Modern Times - 2328 Words

Does True Love Exist? I love you. These three little words might possibly be the most powerful statement one can make to another person. In life, most yearn for the intimate affection that a certain someone can provide them. Women dream of their Prince Charming to come and sweep them off their feet, while men search for the love of their life that sets their heart on fire. But what happens when love is thrown around without a second thought? Has this four letter word become an overused clichà ©? Has love been replaced with lust? Is there such a thing as true love? This last question has been asked throughout history, while many have argued and debated over the final answer. We, as a society, have become a loveless, sex crazed group of†¦show more content†¦She finds it ridiculous that some would commit suicide for such a small thing as having no one to love. I might be driven to sell your love for peace, / Or trade the memory of this night for food, (12-13) she says, imagin ing a situation where she must choose between love and basic necessities. However, in the last line of the poem, after thinking about this sacrifice, she simply answers, I do not think I would, (14) proving that in the end, she would rather be left with love. Millay explains that some people do not cherish love as they should, and would give up a special moment for something tangible. She clearly shows that although she realizes love is not the only goal in life, she would not trade her feelings for anything else in the world. In the poem, True Love, by Wislawa Szymborska, love is depicted as a revolting and repulsive act looked upon by the public. Szymborska questions true love, asking, Is it normal, / is it serious, is it practical? (1-2) With all the time and effort that is put into love, most would wonder about the same things as Szymborska. The poet begins to criticize those in love that are Placed on the same pedestal for no good reason, / drawn randomly from millions (5-6). Those who are envious of couples in love often feel this way too, wondering why it couldnt be them instead. She says that it is unfair that love chooses only some, Â…disrupt[ing]Show MoreRelatedSonnet 116 by William Shakespeare1002 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a constant theme of love found consistently within many forms of literature. The reoccurring theme of love is indicated within two poems, Sonnet 116 written by Shakespeare and Cinderella by Anne Sexton. Love is like a diamond, extremely rare and difficult to find. Shakespeare and Anne Sexton surpassed many other author’s in being able to capture the theme of love in their pieces of literature. Sonnet 116, written by Shakespeare, is one of the most popular love poems to this day. The poemRead MoreMidsummer Nights Dream: Fate vs. Free Will Essay1208 Words   |  5 Pagespresent his philosophy towards the nature of love. The characters struggle through confusion and conflicts to be with the one they love. Although the course of their love did not go well, love ultimately triumphs over all at the end of the play. The chaos reaches a climax causing great disruption among the lovers. However, the turmoil is eventually resolved by Puck, who fixes his mistake. The confusion then ends and the lovers are with their true love. Throughout the play Shakespeares philosophyRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream: he Course of True Love Never Did Run Smooth861 Words   |  4 PagesThe hilarious play, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, by William Shakespeare, tells the twisted love story of four Athenians who are caught between love and lust. The main characters: Hermia, Helena, Lysander, and Demetrius are in a ‘love square’. Hermia and Lysander are true love enthusiasts, and love each other greatly. Demetrius is in love with Hermia, and Helena, Hermia’s best friend, is deeply and madly in love with Demetrius. Hermia and Lysander try to elope in the woods because Egeus, Hermia’s fatherRead MoreThe Impervious Perception of William Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night1631 Words   |  7 Pagesdevices that are used in modern comedies today, such as topsy-turvy romance, foolery, and mistaken identities. Twelfth Night also involves many cultural aspects that would be tough for an audience today to relate with. Some of these ideas are social class, dialect, and lack of modern technology that affect our lives today. Shakespeare appeared ahead of his time since this comic play can relate to an audience of modern times, but it poses some obstructions for the modern audience to appreciate itRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1287 Words   |à ‚  6 PagesJuliet is a modern classic film that took place in 1996. Overall this is a timeless story that everyone should go and watch. This movie has an intriguing plot line that tells the story of two feuding families, The Montagues and The Capulets, and how the children of these two different families fall in love. The two children overcome various obstacles such as hiding their chemistry from their parents because it is forbidden. In the 1996 classical movie, Romeo and Juliet, a tragic love story unravelsRead MoreThe Chemistry of Love in Modern America Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pagesfull of fun, happiness, friendships, and love. Children from a young age are captivated by the colorful art, whacky characters, and funny moments found in the classic cartoon films. The children may walk away from the movie feeling happy, but their minds have been contaminated with ideas far beyond their understanding; ideas specially pertaining to love. From such a young age, children are used the idea of ideal love, love at first site, and eternal love from Cinderella, Pocahontas, Beauty and theRead MoreEssay about Heracles: From the Myth to a Disney Movie1627 Words   |  7 Pageswill seek to compare mythological heros during their time to how they have been depicted in modern day. Moreover, my study will analyze the similarities and differences between the Greek hero Heracles and his replica character, Hercules, depicted in Disneys adaptation of this myth. Although there are few similarities between the two versions, the differences between Heracles and Disneys Hercules are prominent. These differences help modern day audiences relate more easily to the characters inRead MoreA Midsummer Nights Dream Essay1068 Words   |  5 Pagescourse of true love never did run smooth† (28) Later, when the love potion is placed onto the lovers by Puck, the well known trickster, and the other fairies such as Oberon and Titania, king and queen of the fairies , many mixups, and fal sely wrong loving affections and emotions arise between the ‘love square’. â€Å"The course of true love never did run smooth† (28) is very evident with the relationships of Hermia and Lysander, Helena and Demetrius, and the hardships and disasters of the love potionRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Twelfth Night1309 Words   |  6 PagesDuke Orsino. Her role is one of steadfast love towards Orsino; she willingly courts Olivia on his behalf as Cesario, burying her feelings for him because she cares that he is happy. There is a rigid dichotomy between Viola and Orsino’s passion; where Viola is steady, Orsino is inconsistent. Feste states directly to Orsino that his â€Å"mind is a very opal† (2.4.71) which implies he is constantly changing what he wants and is more in love with the idea of love rather than Olivia. Duke Orsino’s evolutionRead MoreErich Fromm s The Art Of Loving1180 Words   |  5 PagesLove. Let this word sink deep into the a byss that is your mind for a moment. What thoughts, if any, come rushing to the forefront? Is it your family, a girlfriend or boyfriend, an object? Love, it is an all too powerful word that is often tossed around with reckless abandon in today’s fast-paced and ever advancing society. The question is: is true love something that is attainable in the world we live in or are there too many obstacles in our path that mitigate the chance to find the greatest part

The Foils in Hamlet Essay - 871 Words

Foils in Hamletnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp; A foil is a minor character that helps the audience better understand a major character. A foil may exist as a comparison character, with similarities between the two, as well as differences that bring to light an important contrast between the foil and the main character. A foil may also just be someone for the main character to talk to, so we can know and understand their thoughts and feelings. Foils help us understand the obvious as well as the arcane. In the classic tragedy Hamlet, we see William Shakespeare employ foils to illustrate both examples. They become important literary tools that help the reader rationalize the concurrent theme of the play -†¦show more content†¦In the end, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are naively loyal to Hamlet, and this becomes their downfall. They know that Hamlet has killed Polonius, and yet, they take no precautions as they accompany Hamlet to England. Their trust in both Claudius and Hamlet gets them killed. Hamlet’s reveals his mistrust of his schoolmates in a conversation with his mother, and refers to Rosencrantz and Guildenstern as, ...my two-school fellows, whom I will trust as adders fanged...nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Hamlet’s friendship with his third colleague from this group is much different compared to that of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern. Horatio, also a classmate at Wittenburg, does not appear initially to occupy the same social status as did the former two. He addresses Hamlet and says, The same, my lord, and your poor servant ever. So Horatio may be from a lower social-economic class. Like Hamlet, he sees a ghost, but is not sure that the ghost was the king, as he admits to only seeing the king once before, another argument for Horatio’s unfamiliarity with the royal family.nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Horatio’s most important role as a foil does not become evident until the end of the play. His conversation with Hamlet just before the fatal duel with Laertes provides us with an insight into Hamlet’s state of mind. Horatio advises Hamlet to back down if he does not like the circumstances, and Horatio will attest to Hamlet’sShow MoreRelatedThe Foils of Hamlet Essay646 Words   |  3 PagesA foil is a minor character in a literary work that compliments the main character through similarities and differences in personality and plot. In William Shakespeares play Hamlet, the main character, Hamlet, has three major foils. These foils are his close friend Horatio, Fortinbras, Prince of Norway, and the brother of his love, Laertes. These three characters contradict and enhance Hamlets major characteristics. Hamlets friend Horatio is a foil for him because he brings out the revengeRead MoreLaertes And Hamlet Foils In Shakespeares Hamlet958 Words   |  4 Pagesand characteristics. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Laertes serves as a foil for Hamlet in which their contrast presents pivotal themes that reveal Hamlet’s character. While the play has many themes, morality, revenge, and honor specifically relate to the contrast between Laertes and Hamlet, consequently resulting in Laertes purpose as a foil for Hamlet. Hamlet’s religion shapes his view on morality, ultimately guiding many of his actions regarding death. Hamlet is a afraid of life after death as demonstratedRead More Foils as Reflections of Hamlet Essay1042 Words   |  5 Pages     Ã‚   Foils are minor characters, that through similarities and differences, set off or accent the main characters of a play. There is a strong connection between the foils in a play and ones final perception of the main characters. In William Shakespeares Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, there is a continuous shifting of the main characters emotions. These emotions range anywhere from madness and rage to grief and sorrow. In Hamlet there is a foil that represents each emotion and behavior that isRead MoreThe Characters Of Foils In William Shakespeares Hamlet860 Words   |  4 Pages Foils In Hamlet   Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In fiction, a foil is a character whom contrasts with another character in the story, typically the protagonist. The foil is able to highlight certain aspects of their opposing character. A foil can differ dramatically or be extremely similar but tends to have key qualities that distinguish the two apart from each other. When an author uses a foil in literature they are emphasizing not only strengths and weaknesses the main character poses, but also understanding the obviousRead More The Foils of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet Essay1031 Words   |  5 PagesThe Foils of Laertes and Fortinbras in Hamlet  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare wrote the classic play, Hamlet in the sixteenth century.   Hamlet would be a very difficult play to understand without the masterful use of foils.   A foil is a minor character in a literary work that compliments the main character through similarities and differences in personality.   The audience can identify similarities and differences between any of the characters and Hamlet, however, there are two characters thatRead MoreThe Examination of Hamlet and Laertes as Foils Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Hamlet relays Hamlet’s quest to avenge the murder of his father, the king of Denmark. The late King Hamlet was murdered by his brother, Claudius, who took the throne and Hamlet’s mother Gertrude for himself. Hamlet is beseeched by the ghost of his father to take vengeance upon Claudius; while he swears to do so, the prince inexplicably delays killing Claudius for months on end. Hamlet†™s feeble attempt to first confirm his uncle’s guilt with a play that recountsRead More Ophelia as a Foil to Shakespeares Hamlet Essay875 Words   |  4 PagesOphelia as a Foil to Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚      In Shakespeares tragedy, Hamlet, the audience finds a docile, manipulated, scolded, victimized young lady named Ophelia. Ophelia is a foil to Hamlet. Plays have foils to help the audience better understand the more important characters in the play.   The character of Ophelia is necessary so that the audience will give Hamlet a chance to get over his madness and follow his heart.        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Similarities are an important part of being a foil. One similarityRead More Fortinbras as Foil for Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1033 Words   |  5 PagesFortinbras as Foil for Hamlet In the play, Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the character of Fortinbras, has been used as a foil for the main character, Hamlet. Hamlet and Fortinbras have lost their fathers to untimely deaths. Claudius killed Hamlets father, King Hamlet, and King Hamlet killed Fortinbras father. Both Hamlet and Fortinbras have vowed to seek revenge for the deaths of their fathers. Since the revenge tactics of Hamlet and Fortinbras are completely different, Hamlet perceives theRead MoreFoils Of William Shakespeare s Hamlet Essay1130 Words   |  5 PagesA foil is a character who acts as the opposite to another character and consequently highlights important features of that character’s personality . A foil character often contrasts with the features of another character. In Shakespeare’s Hamlet , there are obvious foils for the main character, Hamlet. These foils include Horatio, Fortinbras, Claudius, and Laertes. William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, is a an excellent demonstration of character foils. A foil is also known as a literary device that revealsRead MoreThe Foil Of Shakespeare s The Tragedy Of Hamlet 901 Words   |  4 PagesIn literature, the foil is a person whose traits, by differences and similarities, help to emphasize and enhance the qualities and actions of the protagonist. Many characters, such as King Claudius, Fortinbras, and Laertes, in William Shakespeare’s â€Å"The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark† qualify as foils for Hamlet, the protagonist. However, Laertes is the most appropriate foil for Hamlet. Laertes’ similarities and differences with Hamlet along with his actions and traits allow him to be an effective

Relationship Between Humans and Objects Free Essays

CUL341 INDIVIDUAL REPORT Indeed, there is a powerful relationship between humans and objects in today’s society. An object is a tangible something that one can take hold off with their senses. Some objects have the power to create social relations between humans, for example there is the trident and the wand that changes the image of a person who utilizes the object. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Humans and Objects or any similar topic only for you Order Now Indeed, such are objects that allow the power of symbolism to give meaning to human activity. The trident is one of these objects that have the great power to create social relations. A trident is a long stick usually having a small double-u (w) looking symbol at the top of it. It’s a three-pronged spear known for giving social power to a person or vice versa, a powerful person in the society carries it and utilizes it to express their power. Although the object has many other uses such as fishing and also as a weapon, there are several examples in history where it would be carried just to symbolize power. In Hinduism, their God Shiva and the Roman God Neptune too are both are known for a trident being clutched to them most of the time. The trident gives a different image of one who carries it; it expresses their power to the society. In Roman myth, God Neptune used it to create earthquakes and other natural disasters as it was indeed a powerful object, and hence created social relations between the Gods and their worshippers as it allowed them to see the power it has. Today we obviously don’t see powerful people carrying it around; however, it is still seen in animated TV shows and movies to give a meaning to the character. It is seen in the little mermaid where King Triton bears it on him to convey his power to the rest of the creatures of the sea. Also in the Lion King, the monkey who is characterized to be an influential persona popping up when someone needs advice amongst the animal kingdom bears the trident on him at all times. Thus, again the object is able to create social relations amongst the characters. Another object that was discussed is the wand. The wand is a thin stick made from wood, of even sometimes metal. They are known to give a magical sense to one who bears it. The wand indeed also creates social relations amongst people as when one utilises a wand, he is will be known to be a person who performs magical spells. The wand is used to perform magical spells so therefore, the one who bears it is conveyed by the society to have great power as wands can only be owned and used by a fairy, wizard, witch or a sorcerer. Wands are known to have also created social relations in historical myths and legends. In Roman myths, Mercury also beared a wand that allowed the worshippers to have a powerful view of Mercury amongst the society. In fairy tales and other science fiction, the magic wand is used to do many powerful acts used for good and evil. Evil acts include defeating or transforming people into animals and good acts can include used for protection or other useful acts like opening a locked door. Some fairytales in which the wand is used widely is Cinderella where the fairy godmother would have the power to perform good acts such as make Cinderella beautiful and grant her clothes to go to the ball. Furthermore, in today’s world we most often exposed to wands and their magic in popular fiction novels and movies/TV shows. A well known novel plus movie is Harry Potter. Harry Potter is a wizard who studies at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. His aim in the movie is to defeat his enemy Lord Voldemort who killed his parents. Everything in the fictional movie is pretty done through the power of the wand. The good acts, the bad acts by wizards and witches gives viewers insight to how a single object can create such social relations in a society. Indeed, a single object can have the power to shape ones image of a persona. Indeed, in the modern world, the relationship between objects and humans has developed to become a great influence on the view one has for another in the society. It is evident that the triton and the wand both are very good examples of such objects enhance their powers to create social relations amongst humanity. A Trident has been used in history and even today in fiction movies to allow a view of a persona to be great and powerful. Similarly, the wand also creates social relations amongst a society where one can be seen as a normal person and just by bearing a wand; he will be seen to be a wizard whom can perform magical spells. Indeed, Objects can enhance the power of symbolism and give a different meaning to a person. REFERENCES http://www. ehow. com/about_4759212_magic-wand-stories. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trident How to cite Relationship Between Humans and Objects, Papers

Influence the Treatment of breast Cancer in Women Free Sample

Question: Discuss the Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioural Responses that Mary is likely to Experience in Relation to this Diagnosis. Answer: Introduction In the world, today cancer is at an alarming rate, and the causal agent alludes to the lifestyle by people in different social classes. Also, a report by WHO indicated that exposure to ionizing radiations is a leading factor in causing cancer (Advisory Committee on Breast Cancer Screening, 2016). Moreover, cancer is characterized by but is not limited to social and psychological factor as cognitive behavior, and emotional factors do play a role. With the increased rate of cancer in most developed nations, the healthcare system of such nations is on the lookout to detect and treat cancer at an early stage: a move that has seen the United States record a drastic improvement in combating the situation (French Adjuvant Study Group, 2016). What is more is that emotional and cognitive behaviors primarily influence the treatment of breast cancer in women. The commonly known behavioral symptoms of breast cancer include being moody, sleepless nights, reduced energy levels in the body, and cognition (Dupont et al., 2014). As such, the ideas in the paper will seek to illustrate the emotional and cognitive-behavioral responses that Mary: a 25-year-old woman married to an army officer and resides in the homes provided by the defense force with limited contact with family and friends, is likely to experience about the breast cancer diagnosis. Notably, the paper will set a discussion on the risk and protective factors that affect Mary. Lastly, the article will sum up the ideas concerning the thesis statement as shown below. Behavioral risk and protective factors The mentioned behavioral factors: reduced energy levels, sleepless nights, mood, and cognitive disturbances are the primary risk and protective factors that Mary is likely to face. First, the idea of reduced energy levels in the body results in fatigue as a side effect of treatment. Research by Belfer et al., 2013 reported that during the chemotherapy tests on women diagnosed with breast cancer, the radiations cause fatigue: although the condition stops after treatment in some cases, the fatigue usually persists for quite some time. Also, the NHS reported that approximately 1 out of every 4 cases of breast cancer survivors in Australia experiences fatigue up to five years after treatment (Dupont et al., 2014). With Mary who has limitations to her family and the husband is likely to experience longer periods fatigue during treatment as she lacks motivation. Again, having twins aged eight months means Mary has to commit a lot of her time to caring for the kids, yet it is evident that a fter the chemotherapy a patient is always tired. Therefore, the situation will lead to inefficiency in either seeking treatment or care for the kids. Secondly, the NHS in liaison with the WHO conducted research in Australia and found out that patients with cancer have less sleep time as compared to patients without cancer (Advisory Committee on Breast Cancer Screening, 2016). The resultant outcome is attributed to the general fatigue and pain which transits into less sleep time. Also, Miller et al., 2016 is of the opinion that women with breast cancer at an early stage have more sleep time as compared to women with the chronic condition. The primary underlying factor for insomnia is the pain, stress of being diagnosed, and the procedural treatment of cancer. Progressively, consultations and spending most of the times nursing the situation in bed alters the regular sleep routine in breast cancer patients. Also, cognitive responses towards sleep in breast cancer patients leaves them with a phobia to having enough rest as they fear they might not wake up. Relating the situation to Mary, calls for the assessment of her social life whi ch is wanting due to the limited contact between her husband and her family. Besides, Mary has a lot on her plate regarding caring for the babies and seeking medical attention. As a result of her busy schedule, Mary is left with limited sleep time which causes the major disturbance in her life, therefore, altering her moods and in turn affects her efforts in raising up her kids. However, Mary can reduce the risk associated with breast cancer through indulging in exercises. This follows the research by Alevandrov et al., 2013 who are of the idea those active women: more so pre-menopausal women reduce the risk of breast cancer by participating in forty minutes of brisk walking. Emotional risk and protective factors Thirdly, recent studies indicate that the first few weeks of diagnosis pose a challenge to women as they struggle to come to terms with the news (Alevandrov et al., 2013). For instance, a clinical interview study conducted in the United States to assess depression in breast cancer women recorded that out of the large population of diagnosed patients approximately 12% tested positive for depression. However, less attention has been paid to determine the degree to which depressed breast cancer women are during the first few weeks and month of diagnosis as compared to the rate after two to three years of treatment (Davies et al., 2013). Similarly, the primary cause of depression in diagnosed women is the lack of knowledge on the side effects of drugs used. As with Mary the detection of the lamp on her breast and the results confirming that she is diagnosed with breast cancer affected her mental stability. Likewise, the distance between her family and her husband plays a significant role in making her depressed. DeSantos et al., 2014 asserts that for patients diagnosed with breast cancer to avoid depression social factors need to be integrated fully to provide emotional and behavioral support. On the other hand, Mary being depressed directly affects her kids who receive less or no care at all as she is in pain, fatigue, and lonely. Resultantly, recent studies have indicated that depression in women diagnosed with breast cancer leads to increased cases of mortality. Research shows that a protective model for breast cancer is to bear kids; the more children a lady aged less than thirty years has the minimal chances of having breast cancer and reducing the risk associated with cancer (Miller et al., 2014). Also, the military base where Mary resides has a guiding and counseling department that can offer emotional support as she seeks treatment. Cognitive risk and protective factors Furthermore, a study by the NHS indicated that women treated with chemotherapy had cognitive complications due to the ionizing radiations emitted during the test (Semkus et al., 2013). For instance, a cross-sectional research conducted in Queensland recorded that out of ten women diagnosed with breast cancer four showed impairment during and after treatment: an indicator that radiations are harmful to the brain cells. Coupled with the growing need for understanding the relation between cognitive impairment and chemotherapy, the integration of neuroimaging in assessing cognitive behaviors in breast cancer patients provides a compelling view (Von Minckwik et al., 2014). Similarly, after some time approximately one year, Mary will start exhibiting cognitive impairment as a result of the treatment and the need to take care of her kids. Also, lack of company will facilitate the impairment as she is unable to overcome the challenges by herself. Interestingly, research indicate that if Mary breastfeeds the twins for more than twelve months reduce the risk associated with breast cancer. Also, being the wife to a military soldier, Mary is entitled to medical insurance. Mary is committed to treatment and has the support of her family. Also, she has well established interpersonal skills and is committed to nurturing her kids. Besides, Mary always communicates with the husband via Skype every day. Conclusion To that end, it is possible to discern that fatigue, depression, insomnia, and cognitive behavior are the main behavioral symptoms presented by women diagnosed with breast cancer. As mentioned lack of clinical intervention to correct the symptoms result in increased mortality rate in patients diagnosed with breast cancer. Moreover, Mary's case provides a platform for the assessment of social and psychological factors about the diagnosis. Socially, Mary is limited to contact with her family and husband: a scenario that significantly affects her ability to withstand the treatment and raise her children efficiently. However, several protective factors have been outlined showing how Mary gets support to overcome the behavioral, emotional, and cognitive risks. For instance, the military scheme that covers for medical care for all soldiers and their family members. Reference Advisory Committee on Breast Cancer Screening. (2016). Screening for breast cancer in England: past and future. Journal of Medical Screening. Retrieved from www.bmj.com/content/332/7540/499 Alexandrov, L. B., Nik-Zainal, S., Wedge, D. C., Aparicio, S. A., Behjati, S., Biankin, A. V., ... Boyault, S. (2013). Signatures of mutational processes in human cancer. Nature, 500(7463), 415-421. Belfer, I., Schreiber, K. L., Shaffer, J. R., Shnol, H., Blaney, K., Morando, A., ... Kehlet, H. (2013). Persistent postmastectomy pain in breast cancer survivors: analysis of clinical, demographic, and psychosocial factors. The Journal of Pain, 14(10), 1185-1195. Davies, C., Pan, H., Godwin, J., Gray, R., Arriagada, R., Raina, V., ... Bradbury, J. (2013). Long-term effects of continuing adjuvant tamoxifen to 10 years versus stopping at 5 years after diagnosis of oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: ATLAS, a randomised trial. The Lancet, 381(9869), 805-816. DeSantis, C., Ma, J., Bryan, L., Jemal, A. (2014). Breast cancer statistics, 2013. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 64(1), 52-62. Dupont, A., Bower, J. E., Stanton, A. L., Ganz, P. A. (2014). Cancer-related intrusive thoughts predict behavioral symptoms following breast cancer treatment. Health Psychology, 33(2), 155. French Adjuvant Study Group. (2016). Benefit of a high-dose epirubicin regimen in adjuvant chemotherapy for node-positive breast cancer patients with poor prognostic factors: 5-year follow-up results of French Adjuvant Study Group 05 randomized trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology. Miller, A. B., Wall, C., Baines, C. J., Sun, P., To, T., Narod, S. A. (2014). Twenty five year follow-up for breast cancer incidence and mortality of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study: randomised screening trial. Bmj, 348, g366. Miller, K. D., Siegel, R. L., Lin, C. C., Mariotto, A. B., Kramer, J. L., Rowland, J. H., ... Jemal, A. (2016). Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2016. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 66(4), 271-289. Senkus, E., Kyriakides, S., Penault-Llorca, F., Poortmans, P., Thompson, A., Zackrisson, S., Cardoso, F. (2013). Primary breast cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Annals of Oncology, mdt284. Von Minckwitz, G., Schneeweiss, A., Loibl, S., Salat, C., Denkert, C., Rezai, M., ... Zahm, D. M. (2014). Neoadjuvant carboplatin in patients with triple-negative and HER2-positive early breast cancer (GeparSixto; GBG 66): a randomised phase 2 trial. The lancet oncology, 15(7), 747-756.

Verbal Aggression Essays - Behaviorism, Aggression,

Verbal Aggression Verbal aggression is message behavior which attacks a person's self-concept in order to deliver psychological pain.(Infante, 1995) Studies of verbal aggression have focused primarily on children and adolescents in educational and social settings. Very few studies were found to examine verbal aggression in adults in the workplace.(Ebbesen, Duncan, Konecni, 1974) The consequences of verbal aggression in the workplace can lead to social isolation, job related stress, health related problems, as well as problems in career advancement. It therefore should be considered important, for the individual and management, to identify and address the causes of verbal aggression. This program attempts to understand verbal aggression by 1) identifying the various functions of verbal aggression. 2) identifying the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. 3) Avoiding the antecedent conditions of verbal aggression. Method Subject The subject, Shirley J., is a 49 year old African American female. Shirley J. has several advanced degrees and is employed as a school psychologist in a metropolitan school district. She is married with two adult children. The subject readily agreed that the target behavior, verbal aggression, is a problem as it interferes with her relationships with others. She was enthusiastic in her desire to reduce, if not eliminate, this behavior. It would seem that self-monitoring for verbal aggression and antecedent control would be valuable as it would allow for consistent avoidance of verbal aggression. As a school psychologist the subject was very familiar with the basic principles of applied behavioral analysis and frequently offered programmatic suggestions. A behavioral contract was developed jointly between the therapist and subject. The contract outlined the target behavior, success criteria, and individual responsibilities of the therapist and subject. (see Appendix A) Apparatus A basic checklist was used to document the frequency of verbal aggression on a daily basis. The checklist was designed to track only the occurrence of the behavior. It was felt by the therapist that the content of the verbally aggressive message would be too open for subjective interpretation and that no meaningful data would be gained from such documentation. In addition the subject made frequent comments of significant success or failure in avoiding verbal aggression for discussion with the therapist. The weekly discussions were used to evaluate the appropriateness of the procedures used and make any necessary adjustments to the program. Procedure For the first two weeks of the program no intervention was applied. Given that the subject self-reported that verbal aggression was a problem it was important to determine if the frequency of the behavior merited intervention. Therefore, the subject documented the daily frequency of verbal aggression. The results of the baseline period revealed a high rate of verbal aggression. (see Appendix B) Given the results of the baseline data as well as the demanding, often stressful, nature of the subjects job, it was mutually agreed that reducing verbal aggression would be the focus of the program. Verbal aggression was defined as cursing, yelling, and screaming at others. The agreed upon goals of the program was to decrease verbal aggression by 75% of baseline for four consecutive weeks. Treatment would consist of identifying and avoiding the antecedent conditions to verbal aggression. Avoidance of the antecedents is considered less restrictive, more proactive, and most effective. During the initial consultation it was determined that the antecedent conditions included, but was not limited to: work stress, time of day, verbal behavior of others (ie. tone of voice, inflection of voice and content of conversation, etc.), and non-verbal behavior of others (ie. facial expression, body posture, eye contact, etc.). In addition, the subject was required to self monitor for the following antecedents: clenched fists, tight jaw, rapid heart beat, and the emotions of anger, frustration and disappointment. Lastly, it was suggested by Infante (1995) that appropriate strategy must be taken to prevent verbal aggression from escalating. Successful avoidance of the antecedent conditions consisted of removing oneself from stressful situations, when possible, as well as not responding verbally when provoked. Weekly consultation revealed that verbal aggression was most often used to: 1) Escape demand situations. 2) Avoid demand situations. 3) Relieve job stress. The subject was to document the frequency of verbal aggression and record the circumstances of significant success or failure during the work week for discussion at weekly consultation sessions. A schedule of

Commerce Clause Meaning and Applications

Commerce Clause Meaning and Applications The Commerce Clause is a provision of the U.S. Constitution (Article 1, Section 8) that grants Congress the power â€Å"to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes. This law gives the federal government the power to regulate interstate commerce, which it defines as the sale, purchase, or exchange of commodities or the transportation of people, money, or goods between different states.   Congress has historically cited the Commerce Clause as justification for laws and regulations controlling the activities of the states and their citizens. In some instances, these laws lead to controversy over the constitutional division between the powers of the federal government and rights of the states. Dormant Commerce Clause The courts have interpreted the Commerce Clause as not only an explicit grant of power to Congress, but also an implied ban against state laws that conflict with federal law- sometimes called the Dormant Commerce Clause. The Dormant Commerce Clause refers to the Commerce Clause’s implied prohibition against state laws that conflict with federal law by discriminating against or excessively burdening interstate commerce. This prohibition is primarily intended to prevent the states from enacting â€Å"protectionist† trade laws. What Is Commerce? Since the Constitution does not explicitly define â€Å"commerce,† the exact meaning is a source of legal debate. Some constitutional scholars contend that â€Å"commerce† refers only to trade or exchange. Others argue that it has a broader meaning, referring to all commercial and social interaction between residents of different states. These divergent interpretations create a controversial line between federal and state power. Interpretation of Commerce: 1824 to 1995 The first legal interpretation of the scope of the Commerce Clause came in 1824, when the Supreme Court decided the case of Gibbons v. Ogden. In one of the first major expansions of the powers of the federal government, the Court ruled that Congress could use the Commerce Clause to enact laws regulating both interstate and intrastate trade. In the 1905 case of Swift and Company v. United States, the Supreme Court refined its 1824 interpretation by ruling that Congress could apply the Commerce Clause in regulating the practices of local businesses- intrastate commerce- only if those local business practices were in some way a part of a â€Å"current† or stream of commerce that also involved the movement of goods between states. In the 1937 case of NLRB v. Jones Laughlin Steel Corp, the Court significantly broadened the reach of the Commerce Clause. Specifically, the Court held that any local business activity could be defined as â€Å"commerce† as long as it had or was likely to have a â€Å"substantial economic effect† on interstate commerce. Under this interpretation, for example, Congress gained the power to enact laws regulating local firearms dealers if any of the guns they sell are manufactured outside of their states. Over the next 58 years, not a single law based on the Commerce Clause was invalidated by the Supreme Court. Then, in 1995, the Court narrowed its interpretation of commerce with its ruling in the case of United States v. Lopez. In its decision, the Court struck down parts of the federal Gun-Free School Zones Act of 1990, finding that the act of possessing a firearm is not an economic activity. Current Interpretation: The Three-Part Test When deciding that a state law is a valid exercise of the state’s power to regulate interstate commerce under the implied prohibitions of the Commerce Clause, the Supreme Court now applies this three-part test: The law must in no way discriminate against or excessively interfere with interstate commerce.The commerce regulated by the state law must not be of a nature that requires regulation by the federal government.The federal government’s interest in regulating the commerce in question must not outweigh the interest of the state. To uphold a state law under the Commerce Clause, the Supreme Court must find that the law’s benefits outweigh its burdens on interstate commerce. In addition, the Court must find that in enacting the law, the state is not attempting to advance the economic interest of its own citizens over those of the citizens of other states. Current Applications in Law In its 2005 decision in the case of Gonzales v. Raich, the Court returned to a wider interpretation of the Commerce Clause when it upheld federal laws regulating the production of marijuana in states that had legalized marijuana possession. The Supreme Court’s most recent interpretation of the Commerce Clause came from the 2012 case of NFIB v. Sebelius, in which the Court upheld Congress’ power to enact the individual mandate provision of the Affordable Care Act requiring all uninsured individuals to secure health insurance or pay a tax penalty. In reaching its 5-4 decision, the Court found that while the mandate was a constitutional exercise of Congress’ power to tax, it was not a proper use of Congresss Commerce Clause or Necessary and Proper Clause powers. Sources †Commerce Clauseâ€Å" Legal Information Institute. Cornell Law School.â€Å"Commerce Clause Limitations on State Regulation.† University of Missouri-Kansas CityWilliams, Norman. Why Congress May Not Overrule the Dormant Commerce Clause. UCLA Law Review (2005). â€Å"Federal Courts Split on Constitutionality of Individual Mandate in Health Care Law.† Regulatory Review (2011).

Business ethics question set 2 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business ethics question set 2 - Assignment Example 2. The best solution to this ethical dilemma is to continue to work and hope that is recognized. It has been clearly established that the company is paying a good salary. In today’s tough job marketplace nobody can afford to quit simply because the other workers are slacking off. The fact that they get paid the same money as me is irrelevant. It is not my job to judge the work of the other employees since I am not the manager. Eventually the company is going to realize that I am performing at a very high level and a promotion is a high probability in the future. 3. I am for the death penalty. Some crimes deserve the maximum punishment possible. A serial killer that kills 20 innocent people deserves the same predicament that his/her victims encountered. I think the application of the death penalty should be reserved to special cases in order to minimize the possibility of an innocent person been sentenced to the death penalty. The death penalty should exist in order to make cri minals think twice before committing horrible crimes. Another crime that is deserving of the death penalty is terrorism. There is no room in American society for terrorists. Osama Bin Laden recently indirectly received the death penalty when the US military penalty killed him in their attempt to capture him. 4. If the burning of coal by the United States is causing pollution and environmental damage in Canada the US government should immediately investigate the matter. The agency in the US that deals with environmental protection is EPA. EPA must immediately start an investigation to determine if the claims from Canadian authorities are true. The results from the investigation or audit should be revealed to the Canadian government. If the claims are false the investigation will resolve the matter. On the other hand if they are true then the US congress has to step in and create new legislation to protect the environment by regulating the amount of coal that is burned by US companies . 5. I think that this phrase is completely biased. All United States citizens have a right to privacy. An example of a secret a person might not want society to know is a person’s sexual orientation. A gay person might prefer to keep his sexual orientation a secret in order to avoid discrimination. A second example of a secret a person might not want others to know is the amount of wealth a person has. For instance an individual that won the lottery might prefer to keep this fact a secret to avoid being targeted by criminals. 6. The employer has the right to monitor all phone calls, emails, and other communications in the workplace. This is not a violation of privacy because during work hours the employer is paying the employee money to perform a particular duty. Any personal calls or communication should be monitored to ensure that people are not slacking off at work. From a business perspective this practice is a sound business practice because it serves as a control mecha nism to maximize the efficiency of the workers. Any employee that feels that such a practice is a violation of their rights should talk to the human resource department about the issue. The employee might have special circumstances that require constant communication with a family member such as having a child that is hospitalized due to illness. 7. In the United States 49 out of 50 states have laws that require drivers to wear seatbelts (Enotes, 2011). I believe that this law is justified since its purpose